Balaji judgement poverty social backwardness reservation exception and more than 50% fraud on constitution
Poverty is also social backwardness In hint section The backwardness under Art. 15 (4) must be social and educational. It is not either social or educational, but it is both social and educational. Though caste in relation to Hindus may be a relevant factor to consider in determining the social backwardness of groups or classes of citizens, it cannot be made the sole or dominant test. There are certain sections of Indian society such as Christians, Jains, Muslims, etc., who do not believe in caste system, and the test of caste does not apply to them. Moreover, social backwardness is in the Ultimate analysis the result of poverty to a very large extent. 442 The classes of citizens who are deplorably ...